Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) (Antidiabetic Activity of Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) Ethanol Extracts)
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik yang menjadi masalah utama kesehatan di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan rendemen zat ekstraktif tanaman jabon, aktivitas antidiabetesnya secara in vitro terhadap enzim -glukosidase serta menganalisis kandungan kimia ekstrak teraktifnya Ekstrak jabon dihasilkan dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 95% pada berbagai bagian pohon (daun, kulit, kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar ekstrak tertinggi terdapat pada bagian daun (16,5%), diikuti bagian kulit (4,62%) dan kayu (2,04 %). Berdasarkan uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim -glukosidase, ekstrak etanol daun jabon merupakan ekstrak teraktif dengan nilai IC50 7,24 µg ml-1 (sangat aktif), sedangkan ekstrak etanol bagian kulit dan kayu tergolong tidak aktif (IC50 > 100 µg ml-1). Hasil uji fitokimia secara kualitatif menunjukkan kelompok senyawa yang terkandung di dalam ekstrak etanol daun jabon adalah flavonoid, hidroquinon, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid dan steroid yang diduga berperan dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim -glukosidase. Analisis GCMS mendeteksi adanya senyawa fenolik asam quinat dan katekol serta turunan asam lemak (asam heksadekanoat metil ester) yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol daun jabon sangat berpotensi sebagai sumber obat andiabetes.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v13i2.28
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v13i2.28.g27
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