Email this article 
Application of Single and Double Component Wood Bleaching Chemicals on Surface Properties of Naga (Brachystegia cynometroides) Wood
Abstract
In this study, some surface changes (color parameters, whiteness index (WI*), and glossiness) occurring after the application of single [oxalic acid (C2H2O4)] and double component [sodium hydroxide (NaOH) + hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] wood bleaching chemicals on naga (Brachystegia cynometroides) wood were investigated. The bleached surfaces were compared with the unbleached surfaces. According to the obtained results, the ∆E* values were determined as 2.99 for C2H2O4 chemical and 16.95 for NaOH + H2O2 chemical. Significant results were found for all tests in the analysis of variance. Increases in b* and C* values were observed with C2H2O4, while decreases were observed with NaOH + H2O2 chemical. With both wood bleaching chemicals, increases were found in WI* values in parallel directions to the fibers, as well as in ho and L* values, while decreases were obtained in glossiness values at 60 and 85 degrees in both parallel and perpendicular directions to the fibers, and in a* values.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anonymous, 1951. Organization for European Economic Co-operation, Bois Tropicaux Africains, 421 pp. (African Tropical Timber). The Organization for European Economic Co-operation. Paris.
Anonymous, 1956. British Forest Products Research Laboratory, A Handbook of Hardwoods. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Forest Products Research, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 269 pp.
ASTM D 2240, 2010. Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness, American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States.
ASTM D 2244-3, 2007. Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM E313-15e1, 2015. Standard practice for calculating yellowness and whiteness indices from instrumentally measured color coordinates. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Aubréville, A., 1936. La flore forestière de la Côte d'Ivoire Paris, 1936, 3 volumes.
Ayata, Ü. 2024. Investigation of some surface changes in okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis [Taub.] Harms) wood due to the application of single - and dual-component wood bleachers. Journal of Spatial Studies, 1(2): 123-130.
Ayata, Ü., Bal, B.C. 2023. Application of various bleaching chemicals on some surface properties of ilomba (Pycnanthus angolensis Exell) wood. 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, August 4-6, 2023, Belgrade, 95-105.
Ayata, Ü., Bal, B.C. 2024. Basralocus (Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, Avrasya 10. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 2-5 Mayıs 2024, Tiflis, Gürcistan, 133-142.
Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, Ç. 2023. A study on the application of bleaching treatment on Satinwood ceylon (Chloroxylon swietenia DC) wood used indoors and outdoors, The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 14(2): 273-281. DOI: 10.29048/makufebed.1343434.
Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O. 2024. Determination of optical properties of ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie (A.Chev.) J.Léonard) wood treated with oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide, Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 25(2): 37-46. DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.1487033.
Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O., Bilginer, E.H. 2024a. Investigation of some surface changes occurring after bleaching treatment on ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) wood, Wood Industry and Engineering, 6(1): 1-8.
Ayata, Ü., Kaplan, Ş., Çamlıbel, O., Bilginer, E.H. 2024b. Amazon rosewood (Dalbergia spruceana Benth.) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları. Journal of Green Technology and Environment, 2(1): 21-28. DOI: 10.5281/ze-nodo.11176375.
Broadnax, F. 1977. The Old-House Journal. Refinishing Clinic, 7(7): 73-84.
Çamlıbel, O., Ayata, Ü. 2023a. The bleaching application on linden wood (Tilia tomentosa - Moench.). Fareast 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, October 20-22, 2023, Manila, 107-116.
Çamlıbel, O., Ayata, Ü. 2023b. Application of wood bleaching chemicals on ekop wood (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata Haum.). Academy Global far East Asia, 2nd International Conference on Applied Sciences, Manila, 125-135.
Çamlıbel, O., Ayata, Ü. 2024. Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana) ahşabında bazı yüzey özellikleri üzerine ağartıcı kimyasallarının etkileri. Latin Amerika 8. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi 1-5 Mayıs 2024, Havana, Küba, 738-747.
Çamlıbel, O., Ayata, Ü. 2024. Testing of bleaching on Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa Hemsl.,) wood. ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts, 6(1). in press.
DIN 5033, 1979. Deutsche Normen, Farbmessung. Normenausschuß Farbe (FNF) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung eV, Beuth, Berlin März.
Duan, X.F. 2002. Wood color control technology. Beijing.
Farr, J.P., Smith, W.L., Steichen, D.S. 2003. Bleaching Agents, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, DOI: 10.1002/0471238961.1921182206011818.a01.
Hemmasi, K. 2017. The bleaching of decorated flat wood material, Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика, 5(5): 22-27.
ISO 2813, 1994. Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 554, 1976. Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing. International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lange, D.R. 1999. Fundamentals of Colourimetry - Application Report No. 10e. DR Lange: New York, NY, USA.
Liu, Y., Guo, H., Gao, J., Zhang, F., Shao, L., Via, B.K. 2015. Effect of bleach pretreatment on surface discoloration of dyed wood veneer exposed to artificial light irradiation. BioResources, 10(3): 5607-5619. DOI: 10.15376/biores.10.3.5607-5619
Mehats, J., Castets, L., Grau, E., Grelier, S. 2021. Homogenization of maritime pine wood color by alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment. Coatings, 11(7): 839. DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070839.
Mononen, K., Jääskeläinen, A.S., Alvila, L., Pakkanen, T.T., Vuorinen, T. 2005. Chemical changes in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood caused by hydrogen peroxide bleaching and monitored by color measurement (CIELab) and UV-Vis, FTIR and UVRR spectroscopy. Holzforschung, 59: 381-388. DOI: 10.1515/HF.2005.063.
Nguyen, Q.T., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, N.B. 2019. Effects of bleaching and heat treatments on Indosasa angustata bamboo in Vietnam. Bioresources, 14(3): 6608-6618. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6608-6618.
Peker, H. 2023a. Canelo (Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) ahşabında ağartma uygulamaları, ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, 165-174.
Peker, H. 2023b. Lotofa (Sterculia rhinopetala) odununda tek ve çift bileşenli ağartıcılarının uygulanması, ICAFVP 3. Uluslararası Tarım, Gıda, Veteriner Ve Eczacılık Bilimleri Kongresi, 10-12 Kasım 2023, Beyrut, Lübnan, 173-182.
Peker, H., Ayata, Ü. 2023. Effects of bleaching chemicals on some surface characteristics of olon (Zanthoxylum heitzii) wood. Furniture and Wooden Material Research Journal, 6(2): 210-218. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1369843.
Peker, H., Bilginer, E.H., Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O. 2023b. A research on the application of single and double-component wood bleaching chemicals on movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus Baillon) wood used in the furniture industry. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2): 73-79.
Peker, H., Bilginer, E.H., Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O., Gürleyen, L. 2023a. The application of bleaching chemicals (oxalic acid and hydrogen peroxide + sodium hydroxide) on bulletwood (Manilkara bidentata (A.DC.) A. Chev.) wood. Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Engineering Faculty, 1(2): 48-54.
Peker, H., Bilginer, E.H., Ayata, Ü., Çamlıbel, O., Gürleyen, L. 2024. Identification of certain surface characteristics of balau red (Shorea guiso) wood treated with wood bleaching chemicals followed by wax treatment. Turkish Journal of Science and Engineering, in press.
Peker, H., Bilginer, E.H., Ayata, Ü., Gürleyen, L., Çamlıbel, O. 2023c. The application of different wood bleaching chemicals on izombé wood (Testulea gabonensis Pellegr.) used in indoor and outdoor designs. 2nd International Culture, Art and Communication Symposium, Bayburt, Turkey, 15-17 December 2023, 289-303.
Peker, H., Ulusoy, H. 2023. Determination of some surface properties of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) wood treated with wood bleaching chemicals. Asia Pasific 8th International Modern Sciences Congress, September 11-12,2023, Delhi, India, 464-465.
Ramos, E., Calatrava, S.F., Jiménez, L. 2008. Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. A review. Afinidad, 65(537): 366-373.
Suess, H.U. 2009. Bleaching. Restaurator, 30(4): 245-279. DOI: 10.1515/rest.015.
Yamamoto, A., Rohumaa, A., Hughes, M., Vuorinen, T., Rautkari, L. 2017. Surface modification of birch veneer by peroxide bleaching. Wood Science and Technology, 51: 85-95. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-016-0880-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2024.15.2.37-42
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wood Research Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
Copyright ©Wood Research Journal
ISSN: 2087-3840, EISSN: 2774-9320
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.