Sponge Gourd Potential for the Raw Material of Paper and Dissolving Pulp
Abstract
Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) provides a sustainable and cheap source of lignocellulosic materials potential for the raw material of paper and dissolving pulp. In the present works, sponge gourd fruits 5 and 8 months old were pre-hydrolyzed in an acidic (pH of 5) and neutral (pH of 7) at 165 C for 3 hours, and successively soda pulped at a maximum temperature of 170 oC for 4 hours with 20% active alkali. The resulting pulp was bleached by the D0E1D1E2D2 method. The bleached pulp was chemically analyzed to evaluate its feasibility for dissolving pulp based on the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. The pulp feasibility for paper materials ware based on the measurement of fiber dimensions, fiber derivative values, and the strength properties of the pulp. It was found that the a-cellulose content of the sponge gourd coir was high compared to the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. However, it did not satisfy the requirement of dissolving pulp due to its high extractives, ash, silica content, and low viscosity. The fiber of sponge gourd coir was classified into the quality class of II with intermediate pulp strength.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Afriani Y. 2007. Pengaruh Tingkat Keasaman Prahidrolisis dan Konsentrasi Alkali Aktif Terhadap Sifat Pulp Rayon Limbah Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb). [Undergraduate thesis]. Fakultas Kehutanan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Al-Dajani WW, Tschimer UW. 2008. Pre-extraction of hemicellulose and subsequent kraft pulping part I: alkaline extraction. Tappi J. 7(6): 3 -8.
Arnoul-Jarriault B, Lachenal D, Chirat C, Heux L. 2015. Upgrading softwood bleached kraft pulp to dissolving pulp by cold caustic treatment and acid-hot caustic treatment. Ind Crops Prod 65:565–571. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014. 09.051
Bal KE, Bal Y, Lallam A. 2004. Gross morphology and absorption capacity of cell-fibers from the fibrous vascular system of Loofah (Luffa cylindrica). Text Res J. 74(3), 241-247.
Barba C, Montane D, Rinaudo M, Farriol X. 2002. Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethylcelluloses (CMC) from non-wood fibers I. Accessibility of cellulose and cmc synthesis. Cellulose 9:319 - 326.
El-Ghany NAA. 2009. Organosolv pulping of cotton linters. Cellul Chem Technol. 43 (9-10): 419 - 426.
Fengel D, Wegener G. 1984. Wood: Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reaction. Berlin: Walter de Guyter.
Gehmayer V, Sixta H. 2011. Dissolving pulp from enzyme treated kraft pulps for viscose application. Lenzinger Ber. (89): 152 - 160.
Guimaraes JL, Frollini E, Da Silva CG, Wypych F, satyanarayana kg. 2009. Characterization of banana, sugarcane baggase and sponge gourd fibers of Brazil. Ind Crops Prod. (30): 407 -415.
Hamzeh Y, Benattar N, Mortha G, Calais C. 2007. Modified ECF bleaching sequence optimizing the use of chlorine dioxide. Appita J. 60(2):150 -155.
Jahan MS, Rawsan SDA, Chowdhury N, Al-Maruf A. 2008. Dissolving pulp from Jute. BioResources 3(4): 1950 -1970.
Jahan MS. 2009. Studies on the effect of prehydrolysis and amine in cooking liqour on producing dissolving pulp from jute (Corchorus capsularis). Wood Sci Technol. 43: 213 - 224.
Jautsimo O. 2004. Effect of Mechanical Treatment on Softwood Kraft Fiber Properties [Dissertation]. Finland: The Helsinki University of Technology.
Leschinsky M, Sixta H, Patt R. 2009. Detailed mass balances of the autohydrolysis of eucalyptus globulus at 170 °C. BioResources 4(2): 687- 703.
Liu Y, Shi L, Cheng D, He Z. 2016. Dissolving pulp market and technologies: Chinese perspective - a mini-review. BioResources 11(3): 7902 – 7916.
Ma X, Huang L, Chen Y, Cao S, Chen L. 2011. Preparation of dissolving pulp. BioResources 6 (2): 1428 - 1439.
Matin M, Rahaman MM, Nayeem J, Sarkar M, Jahan MS. 2015. Dissolving pulp from jute stick. Carbohydr Polym. 115:44–48. doi://10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.090
Mazali IO, Alves OL. 2005. Morphosynthesis: High fidelity inorganic replica of the fibrous network of loofa sponge (Luffa cylindrica). An Acad Bras. Cienc. 77(1): 25 - 31.
Minor JL, Atalla, RH. 1992. Strength loss in recycled fibers and method of restoration. Mat Res Soc Symp. Proc. 266: 215 - 258.
Pari G, Roliadi H, Setiawan D, Saepulloh. 2005. The chemical component of ten planted wood species originated from West Java. JPHH 4: 11 - 15.
Pulkkinen I, Ala-Kaila K, Aittamaa J. 2006. Characterization of wood fibers using fiber property distributions. Chem Eng Process. 45:546–554
Rachman AN, Siagian RM. 1976. Dimensi Serat Jenis Kayu Indonesia Bagian III. Laporan LPHH No. 75. Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan, Bogor.
Rojas MLB. 2007. Pasta hidrotermica y termoquimica a la soda obtenida a partir de residuos de paste (Luffa cylindrica). Ingenieria 17 (1): 77 - 84.
Satyanarayana KG, Guilmaraes JL, Wypych, F. 2007. Studies on lignocellulosic fibers of brazil. Part I: Source, production, morphology, properties, and applications. Composite: Part A 38 (7): 1694 - 1709.
Syafii W, Siregar IZ. 2006. Chemical properties and fiber dimension of acacia mangium willd. from three provenances. JITKT. 4(1): 28 - 32.
Tanobe VOA, Sydenstricker THD, Munaro M, Amico SC. 2005. A comprehensive characterization of chemically treated Brazilian sponge- gourd (Luffa cylindrica). Polym Test. 24(4): 474 - 482.
Testova L, Borrega M, Tolonen LK, Penttila PA, Serimaa R, Larsson PT, Sixta H. 2014. Dissolving-grade birch pulps produced under various prehydrolysis intensities: quality, structure, and applications. Cellulose. DOI 10.1007/s10570-014-0182-x
Ververis C, Georghiou K, Christodoulakis N, Santas P, Santas R. 2004. Fiber dimension, lignin, and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Ind Crops Prod. (19): 245 - 254.
Wanrosli WD, Leh CP, Zainuddin Z. 2004. Effects of prehidrolysis on the production of dissolving pulp from empty fruit bunches. J Tropic Forest Sci. 16: 343 - 349.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v20i1.556
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v20i1.556.g470
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Indexed by:
ISSN: 1693-383 EISSN: 2656-0178
