Aktivitas Antirayap Ekstrak Daun Orthosiphon sp., Morinda sp., dan Carica sp.

Abdul Azis, Tibertius A. Prayitno, Ganis Lukmandaru, Tomy Listyanto

Abstract


Rayap adalah agen perusak kayu paling agresif dan menyebabkan banyak kerusakan pada perumahan. Pencegahan serangan rayap dapat dihindari dengan menggunakan  bahan pengawet alami berasal dari tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeteksi senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun kumis kucing (Orthosiphon sp.), mengkudu ( Morinda sp.) dan pepaya (Carica sp.) juga menentukan rendemen ekstrak menggunakan pelarut yang berbeda (etanol- toluena, heksana, etil asetat, etanol dan air panas) (2) menguji dan menentukan aktifitas menolak (repellent) yang  diperoleh  dari  setiap  ekstrak  terhadap  serangan  rayap  kayu  kering  (Cryptotermes  sp.). Metabolit sekunder aktif dideteksi dengan reaksi kimia. Larutan ekstrak diteteskan pada kertas saring dan dikeringkan pada suhu 60°C selama 3 jam. Sampel diuji ke rayap selama 4 minggu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rendemen ekstrak tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstraksi dengan air panas kumis kucing, mengkudu dan pepaya yaitu : 27, 8%, 26,71% dan 34,06% secara berurutan. Rendemen ekstrak terendah diukur dalam ekstrak larut heksana (kumis kucing : 4,40% dan mengkudu : 4,81%). Dengan reaksi kimia, senyawa aktif dideteksi dalam semua tumbuhan kecuali alkaloid. Alkaloid dideteksi paling banyak dalam ekstrak pepaya. Ekstrak pepaya larut etil asetat menunjukkan  tingkat  kerusakan  terendah  sedangkan  tingkat  mortalitas  rayap  tertinggi  diamati dalam ekstrak mengkudu larut etanol. Ekstrak pepaya larut etil asetat menunjukkan konsistensi aktifitas yang bagus baik terhadap mortalitas rayap maupun pengurangan berat pada bahan yang
diuji sehingga dengan demikian dapat diaplikasikan pada penelitian berikutnya dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi.


Keywords


antirayap; Carica sp.; Cryptotermes sp.; ekstrak daun; Orthosiphon sp.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v13i2.32

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.51850/jitkt.v13i2.32.g31

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